Linguistic examination

Linguistic examination of written speech is divided into authorship examination and semantic and textual examination.

Both documents in original and copies are provided for their conduction.
Handwritten and printed texts are the objects of authorship examination.
Approximate list of questions for linguistic examination:
Is the particular person an author of a provided document?
Is the particular person an author of several different texts?
Is the author and performer of a text the same person or different ones?
Was the provided text written by several authors? 
What features of socio-biographical portrait of an author can be identified using the provided text?
What is the main language of communication of a particular person – of the author of a provided text?
What is the place of the formation of speech skills (mother tongue) of a particular person – of an author of a provided text?
Are there any signs in the text which indicate that it has been written by the author under the influence of any distracting factors?
Was the text of a document written by a person self-derived or under the order or was it created using rewriting?
Was the text of the document created with the deliberate distortion of characteristics of  written speech?
During preparation of materials for authorship examination to establish authors' right, free, relatively-free and experimental samples of handwriting of a particular person must be provided.
Free samples of written speech must be presented in not less than 15 pages, experimental samples of the written speech- not less than 10-15 pages.
Free samples of written speech are texts which are accurately created by a particular person before the date of drafting of a document which will be researched. Relatively-free are samples of written language created by a particular person before the beginning of the case but connected with the circumstances of this case or created after the beginning of the case but not in connection with its circumstances; experimental samples are those that are created directly for conduction of authorship examination.
All samples must correspond to a researched text according to the language, it has been created, the nature of a document based on its purpose and field of using (a memorandum, a personal letter, a complaint and other).
During writing experimental samples of a particular person, it is proposed to write a text on a free chosen topic similar to the topic of the researched text according to the purpose of use (a complaint, a personal letter, a memorandum) and also to create similar to the researched text according to the purpose of use and the topic of a text. The minimum of samples is about 100 words. Experimental samples which differ from the researched document according to style and some other characteristics may be provided.
The total amount of experimental samples is from 5 self-derived texts on a free topic, as well as on a topic close to the subject of the researched text.
Semantic and textual examination solves tasks of identification of meaning of the concepts, lexical meaning of words or phrases used in different texts, their stylistic idea, semantic filling, nature of information (is it possible to consider such information as offensive?) and other.
Approximate list of questions for semantic and textual examination:
What are the meanings of words, word combinations, fixed in the researched text phrases?
What is the objective meaning of a researched phrase, sentence, text, group of texts?
Are there any statements in the form of calls to particular actions (indicate) in the text? If they are, are they public (or what kind of nature and form do these calls have)?
Is there positive and negative information about private individuals or legal bodies in the text?
Are there any offensive statements about a particular person?
Is the statement a real fact or evaluative judgment?
 The listed range of questions researched by forensic linguists is not exhaustive. Other issues that deal with the subject of linguistic examination during authorship examination and semantic and textual examination can be solved.
 

Linguistic examination

Linguistic examination of written speech is divided into authorship examination and semantic and textual examination.

Both documents in original and copies are provided for their conduction.
Handwritten and printed texts are the objects of authorship examination.
Approximate list of questions for linguistic examination:
Is the particular person an author of a provided document?
Is the particular person an author of several different texts?
Is the author and performer of a text the same person or different ones?
Was the provided text written by several authors? 
What features of socio-biographical portrait of an author can be identified using the provided text?
What is the main language of communication of a particular person – of the author of a provided text?
What is the place of the formation of speech skills (mother tongue) of a particular person – of an author of a provided text?
Are there any signs in the text which indicate that it has been written by the author under the influence of any distracting factors?
Was the text of a document written by a person self-derived or under the order or was it created using rewriting?
Was the text of the document created with the deliberate distortion of characteristics of  written speech?
During preparation of materials for authorship examination to establish authors' right, free, relatively-free and experimental samples of handwriting of a particular person must be provided.
Free samples of written speech must be presented in not less than 15 pages, experimental samples of the written speech- not less than 10-15 pages.
Free samples of written speech are texts which are accurately created by a particular person before the date of drafting of a document which will be researched. Relatively-free are samples of written language created by a particular person before the beginning of the case but connected with the circumstances of this case or created after the beginning of the case but not in connection with its circumstances; experimental samples are those that are created directly for conduction of authorship examination.
All samples must correspond to a researched text according to the language, it has been created, the nature of a document based on its purpose and field of using (a memorandum, a personal letter, a complaint and other).
During writing experimental samples of a particular person, it is proposed to write a text on a free chosen topic similar to the topic of the researched text according to the purpose of use (a complaint, a personal letter, a memorandum) and also to create similar to the researched text according to the purpose of use and the topic of a text. The minimum of samples is about 100 words. Experimental samples which differ from the researched document according to style and some other characteristics may be provided.
The total amount of experimental samples is from 5 self-derived texts on a free topic, as well as on a topic close to the subject of the researched text.
Semantic and textual examination solves tasks of identification of meaning of the concepts, lexical meaning of words or phrases used in different texts, their stylistic idea, semantic filling, nature of information (is it possible to consider such information as offensive?) and other.
Approximate list of questions for semantic and textual examination:
What are the meanings of words, word combinations, fixed in the researched text phrases?
What is the objective meaning of a researched phrase, sentence, text, group of texts?
Are there any statements in the form of calls to particular actions (indicate) in the text? If they are, are they public (or what kind of nature and form do these calls have)?
Is there positive and negative information about private individuals or legal bodies in the text?
Are there any offensive statements about a particular person?
Is the statement a real fact or evaluative judgment?
 The listed range of questions researched by forensic linguists is not exhaustive. Other issues that deal with the subject of linguistic examination during authorship examination and semantic and textual examination can be solved.