Engineering and transport examination

Autotechnical examination, transport and trace examination and complex autotechnical examination of the reasons of road accidents.

 
Autotechnical examination:
 The objectives of autotechnical examination are:
  • to find out the malfunctions of the vehicle threatening traffic safety, the reasons for their creation and the time (before the accident, because of it or after it);
  • to find out the mechanism of the accident and its elements: speed of movement (if there are traces of braking and of damages), braking and stopping traces, trajectory, distance covered by the vehicle for particular time periods, and other space-dynamic characteristics of the accident;
  • speed of the vehicles can be determined based on their damage with the help of software for study of the accident, recommended for introduction in expert practice;
  • to establish accordance of the driver actions with the requirements of traffic rules, the technical possibility to prevent the accident from the moment of danger;
  • moment of danger for traffic typically should be specified in the document about the appointment of an examination (involving an expert).
Approximate list of questions:
What are the reasons of formation of the engine malfunction?
What is the basic line norm of fuel consumption (petrol, diesel) of vehicles?
What malfunctions, concerning the requirements of the Road Traffic Regulations on the technical condition of a vehicle, did the system (mechanism, unit, aggregate) of this vehicle have?
Are there any malfunctions on the researched vehicle, which could be the technical reason for an accident?
When did the given malfunctions appear, in relation to the moment of accident, at the beginning or in the process of its development?
What is the reason of work refusal of this mechanism, system (steering, brake system, etc.) of a vehicle?
Was the driver able to detect a malfunction before the accident?
Did the driver have the technical ability to prevent the accident taking into account the presence of this malfunction?
What was the speed of a vehicle in the different moment of the accident (If there are traces with different lengths or they are interrupted, these facts should be indicated)?
What was the speed of a vehicle, taking into account the damage it received during collision or run on the motionless obstacle?   
What is the maximum limit speed of a vehicle under the condition of this visibility of a road (the visibility should be indicated)?
What is the maximum limit speed of a vehicle on the round of the road of this radious?
What is the smallest safe distance between vehicles under conditions of road situation?
What distance is necessary for the safe overtake of a moving in the same direction vehicle under the conditions of this road situation?
What is the brake and (or) stopping way of a vehicle with the certain speed of its movement under conditions of this road situation? 
How the driver was to behave during this road situation according to the technical requirements of Road Traffic Regulations?
Did the driver have the technical possibility to prevent the run on from the moment of danger to traffic or after the moment of detection of an obstacle? 
Did the driver`s actions meet the requirements of the Road Traffic Regulations
Was the drive`s action, from a technical point of view, in causal connection with the accident?
What was the speed of a vehicle? If this speed exceed the fixed limit (they are indicated), did the driver have the technical passivity to prevent the contact with an obstacle (an obstacle is indicated), if this speed was not exceeded?
Did the driver have the technical possibility using emergency braking to stop a vehicle from the moment of traffic danger (time is indicated) without reaching the obstacle (pedestrian)?
 
Transport and trace examination:
The objectives of transport and trace examination are:
identification by the tracks left by a vehicle, a certain exemplar or determination of its type, model;
determination of the location of vehicles at the time of their contact?
determination of the place of collision of a vehicle and a place of run on an obstacle (a pedestrian), determination of mechanism of trace-forming.
the location of the vehicle against traffic way at the time of contact?
the solution of these tasks is carried out by examining of tracks, detected at the place of an accident, damages of vehicles. Therefore, it is advisable to commission transport and trace examination when there is possibility to provide an expert with objects, which have been in contact, or material of case, in which the tracks are recorded.
Approximate list of questions?
Were the tracks (indicate which ones and on what surface)left by undercarriage (wheels, tires, tracks) of this vehicle? 
What is the mechanism of contacting of a vehicle?
Were the tracks left by certain beaked parts of this vehicle?
What type (brand, model) of vehicle was used to leave these tracks?
What was the mutual location of vehicles during their collision?
What was the mutual location of a vehicle and an obstacle (a pedestrian) during the run on an obstacle (a pedestrian)? What is the mechanism of contraction of a pedestrian and a vehicle? Who (name, surnames and patronymic names are indicated) was at the wheel (for solving issues about mutual location of a vehicle and a victim and a person who was at the wheel, the complex forensic, transport and trace examination)?
Which of vehicles was standing and which was moving?
Where on the road did the collision of vehicles (run on a pedestrian) take place?
What is the mechanism of trace-forming (blow, slip)?
In what direction relative to the trace perimeter did the vehicle move?
Complex autotechnical examination, examination of video and sound recordings and phototechnical examination (if recording of the moment of an accident is available):
The objectives of complex autotechnical, phototechnical and videotechnical research are:
determination of a vehicle speed (Vv) or a pedestrian (Vp) before the collision (run on);
determination of deceleration or acceleration a vehicle
time of movement, presence of an obstacle( a pedestrian);
determination of distances passed by vehicles and or pedestrian , from the moment of danger to the collision (run on);
determination of working patterns of traffic light object at the place of accident , determination of sings of traffic object at the moment of accident;
the identification tasks of this complex examination are:
determination of brand and model of a vehicle according to video recordings and photographs;
determination of tracks affiliation left on the traffic way to a vehicle, etc;
determination of the size (length) of tracks and their banding to the stationary objects and vehicles;
determination of the location and trajectory of a vehicle on the traffic way during its movement;
determination of mutual location of vehicles at certain intervals of time, determination of the place of collision (run on).
Approximate list of questions:
Wat was the speed of a vehicle or a pedestrian before collision (run on)?
Did the driver used brake before the collision (run on)?
Was the vehicle accelerated before the collision (run on)?
What is the time from the moment of danger to the collision (run on)?
What is the distance of a vehicle or obstacle from a moment of danger to collision(run on)?
What was the traffic light signal at the crossroads at a certain moment (time interval)?
Did the inappropriate organization of traffic on the road intersection influence (was in causal relationship) the cause of accident?
What brand and model of a vehicle is indicated on the video recording or photograph?
Were these tracks on traffic way produced by this transport vehicle?
What is the size (length) of tracks of a vehicle, what is the distance between them and stationary (fixed) objects?
How was the vehicle located in relation to the traffic way, flagging and other objects at the time of accident? What was the trajectory of its movement?
Where, in relation to the objects of traffic way, was the place if collision?
 

Engineering and transport examination

Autotechnical examination, transport and trace examination and complex autotechnical examination of the reasons of road accidents.

 
Autotechnical examination:
 The objectives of autotechnical examination are:
  • to find out the malfunctions of the vehicle threatening traffic safety, the reasons for their creation and the time (before the accident, because of it or after it);
  • to find out the mechanism of the accident and its elements: speed of movement (if there are traces of braking and of damages), braking and stopping traces, trajectory, distance covered by the vehicle for particular time periods, and other space-dynamic characteristics of the accident;
  • speed of the vehicles can be determined based on their damage with the help of software for study of the accident, recommended for introduction in expert practice;
  • to establish accordance of the driver actions with the requirements of traffic rules, the technical possibility to prevent the accident from the moment of danger;
  • moment of danger for traffic typically should be specified in the document about the appointment of an examination (involving an expert).
Approximate list of questions:
What are the reasons of formation of the engine malfunction?
What is the basic line norm of fuel consumption (petrol, diesel) of vehicles?
What malfunctions, concerning the requirements of the Road Traffic Regulations on the technical condition of a vehicle, did the system (mechanism, unit, aggregate) of this vehicle have?
Are there any malfunctions on the researched vehicle, which could be the technical reason for an accident?
When did the given malfunctions appear, in relation to the moment of accident, at the beginning or in the process of its development?
What is the reason of work refusal of this mechanism, system (steering, brake system, etc.) of a vehicle?
Was the driver able to detect a malfunction before the accident?
Did the driver have the technical ability to prevent the accident taking into account the presence of this malfunction?
What was the speed of a vehicle in the different moment of the accident (If there are traces with different lengths or they are interrupted, these facts should be indicated)?
What was the speed of a vehicle, taking into account the damage it received during collision or run on the motionless obstacle?   
What is the maximum limit speed of a vehicle under the condition of this visibility of a road (the visibility should be indicated)?
What is the maximum limit speed of a vehicle on the round of the road of this radious?
What is the smallest safe distance between vehicles under conditions of road situation?
What distance is necessary for the safe overtake of a moving in the same direction vehicle under the conditions of this road situation?
What is the brake and (or) stopping way of a vehicle with the certain speed of its movement under conditions of this road situation? 
How the driver was to behave during this road situation according to the technical requirements of Road Traffic Regulations?
Did the driver have the technical possibility to prevent the run on from the moment of danger to traffic or after the moment of detection of an obstacle? 
Did the driver`s actions meet the requirements of the Road Traffic Regulations
Was the drive`s action, from a technical point of view, in causal connection with the accident?
What was the speed of a vehicle? If this speed exceed the fixed limit (they are indicated), did the driver have the technical passivity to prevent the contact with an obstacle (an obstacle is indicated), if this speed was not exceeded?
Did the driver have the technical possibility using emergency braking to stop a vehicle from the moment of traffic danger (time is indicated) without reaching the obstacle (pedestrian)?
 
Transport and trace examination:
The objectives of transport and trace examination are:
identification by the tracks left by a vehicle, a certain exemplar or determination of its type, model;
determination of the location of vehicles at the time of their contact?
determination of the place of collision of a vehicle and a place of run on an obstacle (a pedestrian), determination of mechanism of trace-forming.
the location of the vehicle against traffic way at the time of contact?
the solution of these tasks is carried out by examining of tracks, detected at the place of an accident, damages of vehicles. Therefore, it is advisable to commission transport and trace examination when there is possibility to provide an expert with objects, which have been in contact, or material of case, in which the tracks are recorded.
Approximate list of questions?
Were the tracks (indicate which ones and on what surface)left by undercarriage (wheels, tires, tracks) of this vehicle? 
What is the mechanism of contacting of a vehicle?
Were the tracks left by certain beaked parts of this vehicle?
What type (brand, model) of vehicle was used to leave these tracks?
What was the mutual location of vehicles during their collision?
What was the mutual location of a vehicle and an obstacle (a pedestrian) during the run on an obstacle (a pedestrian)? What is the mechanism of contraction of a pedestrian and a vehicle? Who (name, surnames and patronymic names are indicated) was at the wheel (for solving issues about mutual location of a vehicle and a victim and a person who was at the wheel, the complex forensic, transport and trace examination)?
Which of vehicles was standing and which was moving?
Where on the road did the collision of vehicles (run on a pedestrian) take place?
What is the mechanism of trace-forming (blow, slip)?
In what direction relative to the trace perimeter did the vehicle move?
Complex autotechnical examination, examination of video and sound recordings and phototechnical examination (if recording of the moment of an accident is available):
The objectives of complex autotechnical, phototechnical and videotechnical research are:
determination of a vehicle speed (Vv) or a pedestrian (Vp) before the collision (run on);
determination of deceleration or acceleration a vehicle
time of movement, presence of an obstacle( a pedestrian);
determination of distances passed by vehicles and or pedestrian , from the moment of danger to the collision (run on);
determination of working patterns of traffic light object at the place of accident , determination of sings of traffic object at the moment of accident;
the identification tasks of this complex examination are:
determination of brand and model of a vehicle according to video recordings and photographs;
determination of tracks affiliation left on the traffic way to a vehicle, etc;
determination of the size (length) of tracks and their banding to the stationary objects and vehicles;
determination of the location and trajectory of a vehicle on the traffic way during its movement;
determination of mutual location of vehicles at certain intervals of time, determination of the place of collision (run on).
Approximate list of questions:
Wat was the speed of a vehicle or a pedestrian before collision (run on)?
Did the driver used brake before the collision (run on)?
Was the vehicle accelerated before the collision (run on)?
What is the time from the moment of danger to the collision (run on)?
What is the distance of a vehicle or obstacle from a moment of danger to collision(run on)?
What was the traffic light signal at the crossroads at a certain moment (time interval)?
Did the inappropriate organization of traffic on the road intersection influence (was in causal relationship) the cause of accident?
What brand and model of a vehicle is indicated on the video recording or photograph?
Were these tracks on traffic way produced by this transport vehicle?
What is the size (length) of tracks of a vehicle, what is the distance between them and stationary (fixed) objects?
How was the vehicle located in relation to the traffic way, flagging and other objects at the time of accident? What was the trajectory of its movement?
Where, in relation to the objects of traffic way, was the place if collision?